Fingolimod reduced relapse rates by 82% in patients aged 10 to 17 compared with interferon beta-1a, a drug commonly used to slow the progression of the degenerative nerve disease.
Approximately 86% of children on fingolimod remained relapse-free after two years of treatment, compared with only 39% of children taking interferon beta-1a, researchers reported.
"I do recommend doctors consider using fingolimod as first-line treatment in pediatric MS," said lead researcher Dr. Tanuja Chitnis, director of the Partners Pediatric MS Center at the Massachusetts General Hospital for Children.
Based on results from this clinical trial, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in May approved the use of fingolimod in children, Chitnis said.
That makes fingolimod (Gilenya) "the first drug approved in the U.S. for pediatric MS," Chitnis said.
Other drugs like interferon beta-1a are used in children, but their use is considered "off-label," said Bruce Bebo, executive vice president of research for the National MS Society.
"We consider this a major development, a major milestone in the MS treatment landscape," Bebo said of fingolimod's approval for use in children.
Multiple sclerosis occurs when the immune system turns on the nervous system and attacks the protective sheath that covers nerve fibers, disrupting communication between the brain and the rest of the body.
MS causes vision problems, numbness or tingling, tremors, slurred speech and fatigue in patients. If left unchecked, it eventually will make it difficult for the person to walk.
Fingolimod is believed to treat MS by suppressing blood levels of lymphocytes, white blood cells that promote the immune system attack on nerve fibers, said Bebo, who was not involved with the trial.
"It slows down dramatically the pathways that lead to relapsing MS," Bebo explained.
The FDA approved fingolimod for use in adults in 2010, and the new trial is part of agency requirements to test new drugs in pediatric patients, Bebo said.
The peak age of MS onset is the 30s and 40s, but about 3 to 5 percent of patients develop symptoms of the disease in childhood, researchers said in background information.
For the clinical trial, 215 young patients were randomly assigned to take either fingolimod, which is an oral drug, or interferon beta-1a, which is injected.
Fingolimod kept MS from progressing in more than 8 out of 10 children taking the drug for two years, more than double the percentage of kids taking interferon beta-1a.
Fingolimod also slowed the development of lesions on the brain and spinal cord, a hallmark of MS. The rate of new or newly enlarged lesions discovered through MRI was 4.4 with fingolimod and 9.3 with interferon beta-1a.
Both drugs carried a high risk of adverse events, 89 percent with fingolimod and 95 percent with interferon beta-1a.
Serious adverse events occurred in about 17 percent of patients taking fingolimod, and included seizures, infection and low white blood cell counts.
"The ultimate decision is based on a clear benefit-risk discussion between the physician and family-patient. A careful review of potential side effects and monitoring is required," Chitnis said.
The findings were published Sept. 12 in the New England Journal of Medicine.
The clinical trial was funded by the drug's maker, Novartis Pharma.
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